Falcata - 4712 Words

Paraserianthes falcataria - Southeast Asias Growth Champion By whatever common or scientific names it is known, Paraserianthes falcataria (L.) Nielsen is a valuable multipurpose tree for the humid tropics. One of the fastest growing of all tree species, it is used for pulp and other wood products, fuelwood, ornamental plantings and shade for coffee, tea and cattle. Potential uses for which it is being tested include alley farming and intercropping in forest plantations. BOTANY: Falcataria belongs to the Leguminosae (subfamily: Mimosoideae). It is most widely known by its former name,Albizia falcataria but it also has been called A. moluccana and A. falcata. Falcate means curved like a sickle, referring to its leaflets. Leaves†¦show more content†¦USES: Falcataria is perhaps best known as a pulp crop (NAS 1979, Hu 1987). Other wood uses include fiber and particle board, packing cases, boxes, matches, chop sticks and light furniture. Wood is difficult to saw and not strong or durable. Its thin crown provides partial shade to coffee, tea, and cacao. It also is used as a windbreak for bananas. Trials in Hawaii have indicated its usefulness as an intercrop with eucalyptus, especially in wetter areas. After four years, eucalyptus grown with falcataria in a 50:50 mixture at a spacing of 2 x 2 m were 58% taller and 55% larger in DBH than in pure eucalyptus stands (Schubert 1985). In other trials with 34 and 50% falcataria, total biomass was equal to or better than that of pure stands (Schubert et al 1988). Falcataria also shows potential in alley farming. In a trial on acid soils (pH 4.2) in Indonesia, trees were managed in hedges 4 m apart and produced 2- 3 dry tons of green leaf manure/ha/yr. Application of falcataria green leaf manure doubled upland rice yields and more than quadrupled cowpea yields as compared to control plots (Evensen et al 1987). In 1988, however, concerns surfaced about the longevity of falcataria in alley cropping systems (Evensen, pers. comm.). Falcataria also is grown as an ornamental, although it seldom lives more than 50 years (APCF 1987) and its brittle branches can be a problem in windy areas. Raharjo and Cheeke (1985)Show MoreRelatedFire Stimulates Seed Germination Of Acacia Falcata1418 Words   |  6 PagesFire Stimulates Seed Germination of Acacia Falcata Laura Knight Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia Keywords: heat, stimulation, seedling emergence, growth. Introduction Acacia species are typically abundant in Australia, where bushfires are a regular occurrence in summer. The viability of Acacia in this area has been recognised as an outcome of the stimulatory impact of fire on Acacia seed germination (Bell et al., 1993). Seed germination success isRead MoreEffects Of Hot Water Treatment On Germination Of Acacia Falcata Seeds2398 Words   |  10 PagesEffect of Hot Water Treatment on Germination of Acacia falcata seeds                                                                                                              Ã‚  Chaarvee Sood                                 Ã‚  Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia   Introduction Germination process for acacia species takes variety of factors and not necessarily that all species would take one coherent measures in order to germinate. Acacia falcata is one of the species for which the germination processRead MoreCrowley s Ridge : Is It Accurate?2143 Words   |  9 Pagesfrequently sandy, and in an exceptionally restricted region, there are outcrops of sandstones of unverifiable birthplace. Backwoods on the ridgetops are overwhelmed by Pinus echinata with shifting measures of Quercus alba, Quercus rubra, Quercus falcata, Quercus stellata, Carya texana, and Quercus velutina. Loess slants and gorges are commanded by mesic or dry mesic hardwood woodlands, for example, those of the southern edge, yet are of generally restricted degree So, quit suffocating yourselfRead MoreTaguibo Watershed6389 Words   |  26 Pagespatches of second-growth forest but below 50% slope and 1000 meters above sea level, composing 589 hectares. A brush land area consists 227 hectares; grassland covers 641 hectares dominated by Cogon and Talahib among others. 148 hectares is filled with Falcata and rubber plantations. 62 hectares, meanwhile, constitute residential houses, barangay hall, bunkhouses as such. Roads and trails cover 22 hectares while rivers and creeks cover an estimated 27 hectares. Total cultivated area planted with fruit trees

Rise Fall of Arthur Andersen, LLP - 1016 Words

March 4, 2014 Rise Fall of Arthur Andersen, LLP Abstract Enron was a natural gas company that was formed in 1985 by Kenneth Lay. By 1992, Enron was the largest selling company of natural gas in North America. In October 2001 a scandal involving Enron was emerging. This scandal led to the fall of the company. The Enron case and many others cases led to the collapse of other companies that did business with them which included one of the largest accounting firms in Chicago; the accounting firm of Arthur Andersen. This paper will discuss the rise and fall of one of Chicago’s top accounting firm and how greed and dishonesty can destroy and company and a good reputation.†¦show more content†¦Soon after Bernardino’s resignation WorldCom which was a major audit client of the Andersen Accounting firm admitted to cooking its books to the tune of $3.8 billion. This incident along with other Andersen clients began a wide range of investigations to come. (Chicago Tribune, 2002) Outcome After years of being developed into a successful accounting business in Chicago, a company that Andersen was involved with had a scandal brewing. This scandal went on to become one of the largest scandals in the business community. It stemmed from a company called Enron which was a natural gas company out of Houston, Texas. In November of 1997, Enron buys out a partner s stake in a company called JEDI and sells the stake to a firm it creates, called Chewco, to be run by an Enron officer. Thus begins a complex series of transactions that enable Enron to hide debts. In February 2001 a story breaks calls Enron a largely impenetrable company that is piling on debt while keeping Wall Street in the dark. August of the same year the CEO of Enron resigns. October 12 of the same year Arthur Andersen’s legal counsel instructs workers who audit Enron s books to destroy all but the most basic documents. By the end of the year the Securities Exchange Commission had launched an investigation on Enron and Andersen Accounting. The United States Justice Department went on to indict Arthur Andersen accounting firm of obstructionShow MoreRelatedCorporate Scandals and the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 20023268 Words   |  14 Pagesas auditors to identify and prevent the publication of misrepresentations in the financial statements of the companies that they audited. The most commonly known accounting firm that was involved in the corporate scandals of the past decade is Arthur Andersen. These corporate accounting scandals resulted in costing investors billions of dollars when the share prices of the affected companies collapsed. In response to the public outcry regarding loss of investments through these scandals, Jain andRead MoreEnron Case7190 Words   |  29 Pagesbusiness in an unethical manner in its attempt to retain the loyalty of Enron executives. Current laws and SEC regulations allow firms like Arthur Andersen to provided consulting services to a company and then turn around and provide the audited report about the financial results of these consulting activities; therefore making an â€Å"independent audit† by Arthur Andersen independent in name only. Our legal system allows companies like Enron to manage their own employee pension funds, producing a conflictRead MoreAccountants Liability to Third Parties7127 Words   |  29 PagesRICOs Sec. 1962 (c) is limited to those who participate in the operation or management of the enterprise itself, and has generally excluded accounting firms from liability, reasoning that their conduct remained that of an outsider and did not rise to the level of management participation. The most significant statute in the modern era to the issue of accountant liability is the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX), which created a new federal regulatory scheme affecting accountants and corporateRead MoreCase Analysis : Inc Al1433 Words   |  6 Pagesthe SEC charged the CEO for violating federal laws by misrepresenting material information and settled by paying portion of the $141 million, while former controller and chief accounting officer each agreed to pay $100,000 in fines, as well as Arthur Andersen settled for undisclosed amount (pp.8-10). CENDANT CORP. (1997) Ahmad et al. (2013) indicated that as a result of the merger of HFC with CUC International and formed Cendant Corp but, it was revealed that CUC overstated revenue by $500 millionRead MoreThe Formation Of Garrison Litigation Management Group3428 Words   |  14 PagesReorganization: In the late 1995 Joseph Andolino an Officer and Vice President of Coltec Group convened a meeting with Arthur Andersen, Coltec’s accounting firm and auditor, to discuss overall tax planning. Andolino wanted to discuss between other things â€Å"an anticipated $240 million of capital gain that Coltec might realize if and when Holley Automotive was sold.† At the end of the meeting an Arthur Andersen partner mentioned his knowledge of Coltec significant contingent liabilities and knew another company hadRead MoreEnron Scandal9449 Words   |  38 PagesThe Enron scandal, revealed in October 2001, eventually led to the bankruptcy of the Enron Corporation, an American energy company based in Houston, Texas, and the de facto dissolution of Arthur Andersen, which was one of the five largest audit and accountancy partnerships in the world. In addition to being the largest bankruptcy reorganization in American history at that time, Enron was attributed as the biggest audit failu re.[1] Enron was formed in 1985 by Kenneth Lay after merging Houston NaturalRead MoreRoyal Ahold N.v : A Large International Company Based Out Of The Netherlands Essay1804 Words   |  8 Pagesthese high demands there was also an incentive compensation plan set in place that awarded huge bonuses. With these high expectations set and a decentralized work environment at Royal Ahold, fraud flourished quickly. With Royal Ahold s fast paced rise to the top of the industry, everything came to a halt when Deloitte (Royal Ahold s auditors) suspended the 2002 audit of the company when Royal Ahold’s fraud finally came to the surface. The massive fraud affected many different parties. Ahold improperlyRead MoreWhy Do Audits Fail Evidence from Lincoln Savings and Loan13093 Words   |  53 Pagesauditors were Arthur Andersen, Arthur Young (later Ernst and Young), and Touche Ross (later Deloitte and Touche). Civil litigation setmillion tlements were as follows: Ernst and Young-$63 million, Arthur Andersen-$23 million (based on court records). Ernst and Young also and Deloitte and Touche-$7.5 settled with the holder of the FSLIC s claims, the Resolution Trust Corporation (RTC), for approximately $40 million (Sansweet and Thomas [2/7/91]). The settlements between the RTC and Arthur AndersenRead MoreEnterprise Risk Management3381 Words   |  14 Pagesfirms, investors, lenders, corporate managers and innocent bystanders were all embroiled in the chaos with the extent of corporate malfeasance being indeterminable. Collateral damage inflicted by scandals involving corporations such as Enron, Arthur Andersen LLP, WorldCom, Adelphia Communications, etc, was shocking. The occurrence of such business and audit failures led individuals in a state of contemplation. How did such situations occur; what could have been done to prevent them? This is where EnterpriseRead MoreThe Five-Minute MBA: Corporate Finance Book 17907 Words   |  32 Pagespro rata liability in the event the partnership goes bankrupt, the remaining partners must make good on the unsatisï ¬ ed claims, drawing on their personal assets to the extent necessary. Today (2002), the partners of the national accounting ï ¬ rm Arthur Andersen, a huge partnership facing lawsuits ï ¬ led by investors who relied on faulty Enron audit statements, are learning all about the perils of doing business as a partnership. Thus, a Texas partner who audits a business that goes under can bring ruin

This briefing is in relation to the Inquiry into Skills Shortages in Rural and Regional NSW Free Essays

This briefing is in relation to the Inquiry into Skills Shortages in Rural and Regional NSW. This paper will outline the problems around the methods used by training organisations including TAFE to assess skill needs in rural and regional NSW and their response. This paper will also look into what the causes of these problems are, who are the stakeholders and how are they affected and recommendations on solutions. We will write a custom essay sample on This briefing is in relation to the Inquiry into Skills Shortages in Rural and Regional NSW or any similar topic only for you Order Now BACKGROUND: The communities of rural and regional areas recognise that the supply of skilled tradespersons in their communities does not meet the current demand and that skill shortages are projected to increase. 2In the context of the Riverina Institute Griffith is a medium sized campus that has demonstrated significant and sustainable growth over the past five years. Over the past 6 years the campus has experienced a significant increase in facilities and a concomitant increase in full time and part time teaching staff. To address the growing demand for skilled and well trained staff in the region Griffith campus has consistently amended its course offerings and has, on many occasions, provided extra courses to meet unexpected demand particularly in the trade areas. This is a good example of how much tafe applicant numbers are increasing in rural areas however not all tafe facilities are able to have the funds to support these numbers such as the above example of Griffith campus. 1Futher research in relation to concerns of skills shortages has demonstrated there is a great need to increase the amount of trained tradespersons in the workforces. This also requires the improvement of retention rate during training to reduce occupational wastage as qualified tradespersons leave the industry. There is a fundamental need to ensure that their will be jobs available in the area of where the training took place. This is to prevent skilled trades people leaving rural areas for city life. STAKEHOLDER ANALYSIS AND CURRENT SITUATION: Individuals – Without a strong working force the economy of a rural community is bound to drop. More people will lose their jobs and families will have to move to find work. Regional Industries – Many regional industries are desperate to expand, but are being hampered by a lack of skilled labour. Councils – A current situation can be seen Wagga Wagga NSW. 3This area is seen as an agricultural powerhouse creating up to $6.5 billion per year. But the hearing has demonstrated that the region’s future growth may be limited by a shortage of workers. Stakeholders in the Riverina believe that a lack of affordable housing and limited training opportunities are significant barriers to the recruitment of workers in rural areas. 3For example one of the country’s largest chicken meat processors, Bartter Enterprises, already employs more than 1,000 people across the region. The company hopes to increase production from 420,000 to 750,000 birds per week. But their human resources manager John Davis says that depends on being able to source workers. The Riverina wine industry has also experienced significant growth, along with it, an increased demand for workers. 3For example, 10 years ago Casella Wines employed 14 people; today however they have a workforce of 500. Paul Foley is the human resources manager for another of the region’s major wineries, De Bortoli Wines. 3He says the winery will employ an extra 80 people for four months during vintage, but recruitment of those workers is a major problem. While the skill shortage is already starting to bite, Leeton Shire Council is looking to the future. General manager of Leeton Shire Council Ray Pluis says local training opportunities are important for retaining young people in regional centers. This is the third public hearing held as part of this New South Wales parliamentary inquiry. The inquiry’s chairman, Labor MLC Tony Catanzeriti, is playing down suggestions the withdrawal of state government services is partly to blame for the difficulties in attracting skilled workers to regional areas. CAUSES: Research of submissions and hearings indicates many causes to skills shortages in rural areas. 4For example Peter Louis Co submission highlights that withdrawal and reduction of services provided by government agencies and public corporations such as medical services, banking facilities and post offices has impacted on rural communities with people forced to relocate. This is a valid argument as people will would to live in areas that have necessities such as medical centers and post offices easily available. Not only will people leave an area to get closer to these facilities but also people will not even bother moving to a rural area if it is lacking of such facilities. This also states that the campus of tafe in Illawarra confirmed that whilst TAFE provided many course not all of them were specific to the area. 4Also the tafe kept no record of students who completed and whether they stayed or left the area. This causes the problem of not allowing statistics to be examined to get an accurate understanding of the educational needs in rural areas. This also is an extremely good point and the basis of a strange argument. How can the tafe possibly know to what extent its passing students are having on the rural community if they keep no record of what the students achieve after accomplishing their education? 5Mr Bill Archer in his submission highlights two major causes of unskilled workers in rural areas. The first major cause is the distance that an apprentice in the rural areas would have to travel to receive an education. The further the distance the more it will cost the apprentice to travel so therefore becomes another incentive to not bother receiving an education. 7Transport has got to be one of the most major causes of skills shortages in rural areas the requirement for apprentices to travel such large distances to get to college is a major problem. Many rural areas have a very limited access to frequent public transport. Also transport subsidies are not available to young people if the vehicle they have access to is not in their name and even if they are entitled to it, the amount is pitifully inadequate. Public transport is a very important requirement as there are many dangers of country driving for young inexperienced drivers with early starts, late finishes and long distances. 7These present very real Occupational Health and Safety risks. 5The second major cause is that once an apprentice receives the education they need they are then able to move to the city were they can make more money doing their job. This is a major incentive for skilled workers to leave the rural areas and therefore leaving many jobs in rural areas left open with nobody with the skills to work them. This effects many stakeholders. The owner of the business who had spent the last few years training the apprentice must now start the cycle again. The community also suffers as there is one less person providing a service. That is why the government must find efficient ways of keeping skilled workers in rural areas as they are fundamental to the survival of the community. Tafe teachers however in their submission do not believe that these are the major causes of skill shortages in rural areas. 7Their members point out that there are large shortages in areas where pay and conditions are poorest, eg a lot of qualified mechanics aren’t working in their trade areas, because they can earn more money driving a truck. It is therefore not just a matter of addressing skills shortages but also pay conditions and how vocations are perceived by the public. The issue of public perception of skilled trades people has not been addressed successfully by governments. RECOMMENDATION: Set forth are a number of recommendations as to the problems Councils in regional areas should encourage â€Å"stay local and contract local businesses.† The government should provide funding to provide a Rural Work Income Insurance policy to assist tradesmen in situations that they cannot work as are establishing a new business. Encourage major employers to establish 12 month contracts, particularly in rural areas. This will help to increase not only employment but also the economy of the community. Contracts will keep people in the area and as the business grows more jobs become available. Which leads to people moving to the area specifically for work. Encourage training organizations like the Charles Sturt University and Tafe’s to develop seminars and spend time to educate businesses within rural areas to adopt new business practices, Governments should make sure that rural areas have all the facilities required to encourage population growth in that area. Facilities such as medical centers, post offices and schools, should be located in all rural towns. Government should place more funding into Traineeships. 1Traineeships are ideal for employers who have a specific need for one Trainee in a given area. Traineeships can be offered/conducted in a variety of ways with the main option taken by employers being an ‘On the Job† Traineeship. By providing Funding to Tafe institutions and providing employer incentives to business’s that provide traineeships to unskilled workers will be a major step in reducing the current problem of unskilled workers. 6Another recommendation would be the implementation of more courses done through distance correspondence. This allows students in rural areas to do courses from home. Thus distance would no longer be a barrier in the prevention of education for skilled workers. However for the on the job training the Government should allocate funds to areas in desperate need to provide frequent transport to further encourage people to do studies. How to cite This briefing is in relation to the Inquiry into Skills Shortages in Rural and Regional NSW, Papers